Results of a series of business events "KAZAKHSTAN GREEN DAY" within the framework of the exhibition "EXPO 2020 Dubai" in the part of "Implementation and development of BAT in various industries"
- Factors caused setting more restrictive threshold standards of marking polluting substance.
Setting more restrictive threshold standards of marker substances in the project of reference book of the Best Available Techniques (BAT) dated August 25, 2021 with regard to threshold standards in the project of reference book of the BAT dated September 16, 2021 was determined by the following factors:
a) threshold standards for existing units are unachievable by means of regime and primary methods of the BAT without modern methods of gas purification are implemented;
b) unverified data retrieval in phase of the complex technological audit;
c) potential risk of implementation of the techniques, outdated in the OECD countries;
d) collapse of science and technological progress;
e) investment risk of the partnership, during global worldwide challenges in the advancements of «environmentally friendly ecology»;
f) constructive criticism of society in establishing «convenient» threshold standards;
g) position of the international experts in real and practical achieving of more restrictive threshold standards
- A switch of industrial enterprises to complex environmental permits, and connected risks.
A switch of existing facilities to complex environmental permits (CEP) a voluntary procedure for functioning operators of the I category facilities.
“The polluter pays” is one of the principles of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and raise of the payment rates for environment pollution from 2025 is foreseen in order to stimulate them to introduce BAT and to switch to CEP.
The payment rates are raising by 0,6 – 1,2 – 2,4 times for enterprises, generating electric and heat energy.
If there is no possibility to switch to CEP due to objective reasons for operators of the I category facilities, application of techniques, suggested by reference book, will allow to cut anthropogenic impact on environmental objects, and also to produce impact on environment on the basis of environmental impact permit.
- Quality issues of the solid fuel.
Coal portion in the fuel balance is – 84,5%, gas portion – 14,6%, mazut portion is less then – 0,9 %. One of the Kazakhstan's electricity sector peculiarities is significant prevailing of the coal in the fuel balance of the Kazakhstan's energy sector.
Among the coals the biggest usage has Ekibastuz coal, which ash–content is – 41% and more.
The international experts notice in this aspect comparably “mild” approach.
Reference books are adapted for Kazakstan's terms, threshold standards for dust (solid particles) are fixed in accordance with coal quality and its electrical conductivity.
Practice of OECD countries revealed that, as a rule, actual results far lower than reference books specified, and the position based on practically achieved indicators.
- Lack of sectoral program of electricity sector development.
Doctrine drafting of Kazakhstan low–carb development until 2060 is underway by order of the Head of State.
Kazakhstan government has also been working on National project of electricity sector development, energy balance of the country until 2035 has been being prepared.
Kazakhstan took a steady course on renewable and alternative energy sources development.
- Skeptical approach of the Enterprises on switch to BAT principles.
Modernization is required by technical condition and actual deterioration of most equipment including the CHP, but terms of its achievement with BAT implementation are on opinion of international experts realistic, on condition of:
a) BAT implementation after verified data retrieval;
b) modernization design on a base of a clear, balanced program and based on engineering approach with competent project solutions;
c) prompt training of the qualified staff and personnel;
d) changes of awareness in existing mentality and stereotypes, in order to reduce gap between the second and fourth industrial revolutions;
e) solving financing issues on a case–by–case basis.
- Issues of BAT funding and implementation
The main purpose of BAT reference books is providing achievement of high quality of environment in a whole by enterprises and minimizing the impact on public health.
Evaluation of applicability of the one or another technique or taken together, and as well the BAT implementation procedure are solely specific procedures, requiring study and decision making by each operator with engagement of scientific and design institutes.
Domestic producers and suppliers of green technologies and equipment Register is being maintained by NJSC “IGTIC”, and is a directory of the Kazakhstani companies. At present the Registry includes 38 organizations, dealing with production and/or supply of green technologies and equipment.
The Register will simplify the choice and decision making at green projects implementation and will allow to connect all participants of a green technologies market. The Register will be as well posted online including corporate website of the Centre: https://igtipc.org.
Tax and legislative preferences for a number of operators offered by the state will be valid, subsidies, grants and preferential loans on innovative industry development at Republic will be provided.
Engaging international investors in the industry development was called an important target by Head of State. Negotiations with investors from the United Arab Emirates, France and other European countries are underway by his orders.
- Contribution to the science development, training of specialists, related infrastructure development.
For the purposes of educational platform development and promotion of “green” rising ideas, introduction BAT principle from 2020, was launched an online–project with creation of the platform "GREEN WEBINAR".
Prominent international experts, major production specialists, leading scientists in sectors of ecology, sustainable development and BAT with private sector representatives are invited for disclosure of the announced issues on the platform "GREEN WEBINAR".
Webinars have narrow focus and are conducted for special target audience, that allows concentrate on the main thing, leaving aside secondary issues.
Industry's contribution is necessary to the science development, specialists training, related infrastructures formation.
The priority task, without which there is no talk about any technological breakthrough and progress according to the principles of switching to BAT, is the support and development of applied science, targeted on optimization, automation and bringing innovation to every technological process, in conjunction with the creation of design and development platforms within BAT indicators.
Important and key tasks for switching to the BAT principles are:
– infrastructure creation for study, training and raising qualification of personnel;
– internship in a similar sector environment at enterprises leading in the BAT implementation, with the purpose of experience exchanging and implementation of the best achieved results directly in its production;
– sending students on study to the best domestic and foreign sector institutions of higher education, with their further employment, including participation in the students fairs for identification and stimulation those of them, potentially ready to work in the company.
Along with this, involving and subsidizing a domestic producer of techniques, equipment and materials as an import substitution instrument, in order to reduce costs on BAT implementation, as well as development of the drastic Kazakhstan innovations, with the prospect of competitive strength in the global market, will allow to look into the foreseeable future with confidence and will carry positive economic as well as social aspects.