BAT reference documents
Best Available Techniques (BAT) are used and planned sectoral technologies, techniques and equipment that provide organizational and management measures aimed at reducing the level of negative environmental impact of economic activities up to the target environmental quality indicators.
According to the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, from 1 January 2025, Category I facilities are required to obtain comprehensive environmental permits (CEPs) based on the application of BAT and compliance of facilities with the emission levels specified in BAT reference documents.
When implementing BAT, industry is exempted from paying environmental tax payments on emissions, and for enterprises that do not switch to CEP, environmental payments will be gradually increased by 2, 4 and 8 times.
In this regard, the Centre is developing BAT reference documents.
Between 2021 and 2023, 16 BAT reference documents for enterprises have been developed:
Works carried out
Production of inorganic chemicals
Cement and lime production
Zinc and cadmium production
Oil and gas processing
Lead production
Copper and precious metal-gold production
Combustion of fuels in large plants for energy production
Energy efficiency in carrying out economic and (or) other activities
Mining and concentration of non-ferrous metal ores (including precious metals)
Mining and processing of iron ores (including other ferrous ores)
Ferroalloys production
Oil and gas production
Iron and steel production
Production of further processed ferrous metal products
Coal mining and preparation
Aluminium production
Plan
| BAT reference documents under development in 2024. |
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| Production of titanium and magnesium |
| Monitoring of pollutant emissions into atmospheric air and water bodies |
| Wastewater treatment of centralised wastewater disposal systems of settlements |
| Production of basic organic chemicals and polymers |
| BAT reference documents planned for development in 2025. |
| Destruction and disposal of waste by thermal treatment |
| Waste recovery |
| Waste disposal |
| Production of rare non-ferrous metals |
| BAT reference documents planned for development in 2026 |
| Intensive breeding of pigs and poultry |
| Slaughter of animals at meat processing plants, meat and cold slaughterhouses |
| Tanning, dyeing, dressing of hides and skins |
| Production of fine organic synthesis products |
| BAT reference documents planned for development in 2027 |
| Production of cellulose from wood or other fibrous materials |
| Production of glass, ceramic products |
| Dyeing of textile fibres, bleaching, dyeing of textile products |
| Manufacture of food, beverages, milk and dairy products |